Response characteristics of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.

Relationship between Dining Place, Iodine Source, and Iodine Nutrition in School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.@*METHODS@#School-aged children (SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multi-stage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume (TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the 2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.@*RESULTS@#Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places. The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively (r = 0.999 and -0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL (r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children's iodine nutrition status.@*CONCLUSION@#Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.

Research progress of Eubacterium and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids in regulating type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华预防医学杂志

Intestinal flora and its metabolites are closely related to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Eubacterium is one of the dominant intestinal flora, and its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a leading role in regulating intestinal metabolic balance. It has been reported that SCFAs can regulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1, improve the function of pancreatic β cells, participate in bile acids metabolism and regulate the production of inflammatory factors in T2DM. Based on the above research background, this article mainly reviews the relationship between Eubacterium and its metabolite SCFAs and T2DM and its regulatory mechanism.

Effect of Different Compatibility of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba-Schizonepetae Herba on Influenza Virus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To research optimum compatibility components ratio for the anti-influenza virus effect of different compatibility of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba-Schizonepetae Herba. Method:The 228 SPF grade ICR rats of half male and half female were randomly divided into 19 groups, with 12 rats in each group. In each group, the ratio of flavonoids and volatile oil was determined. ICR rats were anesthetized with ether and infected with influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) with A 10-fold lethal dose（LD50）50 μL nasal drip infection. Than the blank control group was treated with the same amount of normal saline nasal drip control, and the rats were given the drug by gavage on the day after virus infection, the blank group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water, and the positive control group were given Oseltamivirphosphate and compound Jinyinhua granules by gavage, and once a day for 7 days. Different compatibility of volatile oil and flavonoids in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Schizonepetae Herba are applied to rats infected with influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) virus to study the pharmacodynamic screening by lung index of influenza-infected mice and histopathological examination. And antiviral effects as well as the expression of interleukin-6（IL-6）, interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is studied. Result:Lung infection injury was prepared by infecting mice with influenza A virus A/ pr8/34(H1N1). Lung mass increased at the end of the experiment in the model group, and lung index was compared with that in the blank group(P<0.01). And the experimental lung weight of oseltamivirphosphate group, compound Jinyinhua granules group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2 group, volatile oil 1 group and volatile oil 2 group were compared with that of the model group (P<0.05). Lung index of Oseltamivirphosphate group and volatile oil group was compared with that of model group (P<0.01).Lung index of compound Jinyinhua granules group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2 group, volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 1 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group and volatile oil 2 group were compared with the model group (P<0.05). And antiviral effect as well as the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α is studied. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α in volatile oil 1-flavonoids 1 group, volatile oil 1-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 1 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 2 groups, flavonoids 2 groups were decreased, compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion:It is found that different combinations have better biological effects and good antiviral effects. This study explores the synergies compatibility rule and mechanism of action on Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Schizonepetae Herba pairs, which will not only develop the theory of Chinese medicine compatibility but also contribute to laying a foundation for the innovation of the influenza virus drug development.

Surveillance of malaria vectors in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the population distribution, density, seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal activity of malaria vectors in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018, so as to provide a data support for formulating the control strategy for imported malaria during the malaria post-elimination stage. Methods The malaria vectors were monitored in 105 counties (cities or districts) of Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018, and the population density, seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal activity of the mosquitoes were observed using the lamp trapping and human bait trapping methods. The density of Anopheles mosquitoes was compared among different years, regions and mosquito-capturing sites. Results Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in 103 counties (cities or districts) of Anhui Province during the period from 2016 to 2018, and a total of 32 494 mosquitoes were captured using the lamp trapping method and 36 228 captured using the human bait trapping method. All captured mosquitoes were morphologically identified as Anopheles sinensis, and no An. anthropophagus was found. The density of An. sinensis peaked from June to August, and the peak nocturnal activity was found during the period between 19∶00 and 23∶00. Among all mosquito-capturing sites, the highest mosquito density was seen in the livestock and poultry sheds (H = 18.835, P < 0.05). The density of An. sinensis varied significantly in regions in 2016 and 2017 (H = 16.655 and 11.566, P < 0.01), and a low density was found in north of the Huai River. Conclusions An. sinensis is widely distributed in Anhui Province, which is the currently predominant malaria vector in the province. During the malaria post-elimination stage, the malaria vector monitoring should be intensified and vector control interventions should be timely adopted in epidemic foci of Anhui Province to prevent the local re-transmission of overseas imported malaria.

Layer-specific strain assessment on left ventricular function before and after PCI in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the changes of left ventricular function in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) before PCI and within 24 hours after PCI by layer-specific strain, and to explore the value of this new assessment method for quantitative monitoring on the myocardial function in STEMI patients. Methods: A total of 40 patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, who underwent PCI in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University during July 2017 to July 2018, were included in this prospective cohort study. According to the symptom to balloon time (STB), the patients were divided into STB ≤6 hours group (26 cases) and STB 6-12 hours group (14 cases). Echocardiography was performed before, immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours after PCI. Echocardiographic indexes including endocardial myocardial longitudinal strain (LS-endo), 18-segment full-thickness myocardial longitudinal strain (LS) of left ventricle and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) were measured. The mean LS-endo and LS values of myocardial segments in infarcted area (IALS-endo, IALS) and the mean LS-endo and LS values of myocardial segments in non-infarcted area (NIALS-endo, NIALS) were calculated. Results: There were 34 males and 6 females in this cohort and age was (62±10) years. In STB≤6 hours group, the IALS-endo value ((13.7±4.9)% vs. (10.0±2.7)%, P<0.05) and NIALS-endo value ((17.0±2.9)% vs. (14.6±2.9)%, P<0.05) were significantly higher at 24 hours after PCI than those before PCI. In the group of STB 6-12 hours, IALS-endo decreased immediately after PCI ((6.7±3.3)% vs. (11.9±6.5)%, P<0.05), and there was a rising trend at 3 hours after PCI (P>0.05). At 24 hours after PCI, the index was higher than that immediately after PCI ((13.6±8.4)% vs. (6.7±3.3)%, P<0.05). The NIALS-endo value was significantly higher at 24 hours after PCI than that before PCI ((17.1±2.1)% vs. (14.5±3.2)%, P<0.05). In the STB 6-12 hours group, the decrease rate of IALS-endo immediately after PCI was higher than that in the STB ≤6 hours group (93% (13/14) vs. 35% (9/26), P<0.001). In STB ≤6 hours group, the NIALS value at 24 hours after PCI was higher than that before PCI (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in IALS, NIALS and GLS at other time points (P>0.05). Conclusions: Layered LS is superior to full-thickness LS and GLS in evaluating left ventricular function in STEMI patients. LS measured by echocardiography can continuously and quantitatively evaluate the changes of left ventricular myocardial function in STEMI patients before and after PCI.

UFLC-Q-TOF-MS fingerprints of rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis and its vinegar processed products and inhibitory effect on thrombosis / 中国中药杂志

Both raw and vinegar products of the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis are common drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine,which could be reflected in the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice. As the traditional processing theory instructs,vinegar tastes sour and bitter,but can activate blood circulation and remove stasis after being infiltrated into the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis as an excipient. In this study,under the help of the ultrafast liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry( UFLC-Q-TOF-MS),the spectrum-effect relationship between the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice and the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis both before and after the vinegar processing,were established to explore the functional changes of blood circulation and stasis after vinegar process. Based on the peak area from the fingerprint of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS of the alcohol extracts from the raw and vinegar-processed rhizome of C. phaeocaulis and their efficacy for inhibiting tail thrombosis,the correlation between the chromatography of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS and the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA) method. The results,produced by Simca-P software,showed that effective components consisted of eight peaks 16,24( aromadendrene oxide),3,11,22( dehydro-α-curcumene),19[( R)-(-)-α-curcumene],23 and 10 from the fingerprint,making great contribution to distinguish C. phaeocaulis raw products and the corresponding vinegar processed products. Therefore,from the perspective of inhibiting the formation of tail thrombosis in mice,the marker components could be found through the spectrum-effect relationship to distinguish C.phaeocaulis raw and vinegar products. This study provided new basis to explain the difference between the raw and the processed products of traditional Chinese medicine in the functional change of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Research progress on chemical constituents and their differences between sea buckthorn berries and leaves / 中国中药杂志

Sea buckthorn berries and leaves are two medicinal parts derived from the same primitive plant,mostly used as ethnic medicine,which have a long history in Mongolian and Tibetan. This paper reviews the studies on the chemical composition and differences between sea buckthorn berries and leaves. They have the same or similar composition and content of flavonoids,triterpenes,steroids,organic acids and volatile oils,also have some differences. The main differences are as follows: the flavonoids content in the sea buckthorn leaves is greater than that of the sea buckthorn berries,but the species of flavonoids in the berries are higher than leaves. The species and content of steroids and organic acids in the berries are higher than that of the leaves. The berries contain abundant volatile oil,and the leaves contain many phenolic compounds. Finally,the main problems and the prospect of the next research are put forward.

Research of Feiliuping Gao and its combination with different types of drugs intervention on expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB in lung metastatic microenvironment / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the effect of Feiliuping Gao and its combination with different types of drugs intervention on the expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB in lung metastatic microenvironment, and to reveal the advantage of Chinese medicine intervention time on the key molecule in lung metastatic microenvironment. The mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma was established, and lung tissues were collected at 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after the intervention of Feiliuping Gao, and the expressions of PI3K, AKT and NF-κB were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. At 14 days, there was no significant difference in PI3K expression between each group and the control group. The expression of AKT protein was significantly inhibited in the celecoxib (CLB) group, the Feiliuping Gao (FLP) combination with cyclophosphamide (FLP+CTX) group, and the Feiliuping Gao combination with celecoxib (FLP+CLB) group (<0.05). The inhibition of AKT protein expression in FLP+CLB group was superior. The FLP+CLB group can inhibit the expression of NF-κB protein (<0.05). At 21 days, compared with the control group, the expression of PI3K was inhibited in FLP group and the FLP+CTX group (<0.05), while the expression of PI3K was best inhibited in the FLP+CLB group (<0.001). Only the FLP+CLB group could significantly inhibit the expression of AKT protein (<0.01). The FLP+CTX group had the best effect in inhibiting the expression of NF-κB protein (<0.001). At 28 days, compared with the control group, the expression of PI3K and AKT was inhibited in the FLP+CLB group (<0.001). Feiliuping ointment combination with celecoxib has an advantage in regulating the expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB molecules in lung metastatic microenvironment.

Problems and solutions in modern research of traditional Chinese herbal pieces processing technology / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicine processing is the main feature that distinguishes traditional Chinese medicine from natural medicine and plant medicine, and is the main feature in clinical medication of traditional Chinese medicine. The research of Chinese medicine processing technology is an important link to realize standardization and standardization of Chinese herbal pieces, with urgent need to attract high attention. At present, there are still many problems in the research of processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces, mainly including inconsistent processing technology, large differences in process technology parameters, and unstable production technology of Chinese herbal pieces, resulting in uncontrollable quality of Chinese herbal pieces and affecting the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine. This paper focused on the establishment of a unified standard processing technology, and put forward the countermeasures for the processing technology of Chinese medicine based on a comprehensive analysis of the current situations of the processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces, with significance for guiding the establishment of a standardized processing technology of Chinese medicine.

[Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria and influencing factors of severe cases in Anhui Province].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases and investigate the influencing factors of severe cases in Anhui Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the control strategy. METHODS: The epidemiological data of imported malaria cases in Anhui Province from January 1st, 2012 to April 18th, 2017 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The imported malaria cases in Anhui Province were mainly young men of migrant workers. There were imported malaria cases in 79% (83/105) of counties (districts) in Anhui Province.. Totally 686 imported malaria cases were recorded, in which there were 62 severe cases (9.04%), and four death cases with the mortality rate of 0.58%. The age, education, initial diagnosed departments, initial diagnosed results, time from onset to seeing a doctor, and time from seeing a doctor to diagnosis were the influencing factors for the severe cases. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of severe imported malaria cases is high in Anhui Province. The monitoring sensitivity, clinician's awareness of malaria diagnosis, and health education for migrant workers should be improved.

Zinc Absorption from Representative Diet in a Chinese Elderly Population Using Stable Isotope Technique / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the dietary zinc absorption in a Chinese elderly population and provide the basic data for the setting of zinc (Zn) recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for Chinese elderly people.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 24 elderly people were recruited for this study and were administered oral doses of 3 mg 67Zn and 1.2 mg dysprosium on the fourth day. The primary macronutrients, energy, and phytic acid in the representative diet were examined based on the Chinese National Standard Methods. Fecal samples were collected during the experimental period and analyzed for zinc content, 67Zn isotope ratio, and dysprosium content.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean (± SD) zinc intake from the representative Chinese diet was 10.6 ± 1.5 mg/d. The phytic acid-to-zinc molar ratio in the diet was 6.4. The absorption rate of 67Zn was 27.9% ± 9.2%. The RNI of zinc, which were calculated by the absorption rate in elderly men and women, were 10.4 and 9.2 mg/d, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study got the dietary Zn absorption in a Chinese elderly population. We found that Zn absorption was higher in elderly men than in elderly women. The current RNI in elderly female is lower than our finding, which indicates that more attention is needed regarding elderly females' zinc status and health.</p>

Research progress on pharmacological effects and their differences among the flowers, stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica / 中国中药杂志

It's a common phenomenon that two kinds or more than two kinds of herbs belong to different parts of the same plant. Lonicera Japonica Flos, Lonicera Japonica Caulis and Lonicera Japonica Folium are the typical representative of this phenomenon. They belong to different parts of the Lonicera japonica Thunb. This paper reviewed the research progress on pharmacological effects and their differences among them. It was found that the research mainly concentrated on Lonicera Japonica Flos, and the others were ignored. However, some pharmacological effects in leaves are stronger than that of flowers and stems, such as antibacterial, anti-bird flu and antioxidant activity.Lonicera Japonica Flos is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory tract virus infection while Lonicera Japonica Caulis is mainly used for the treatment of hepatitis virus infection, respectively. Finally, main problems and suggestions on pharmacological effects among them were also discussed.

Research progress on chemical constituents and their differences between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国中药杂志

The dried flower buds or initial flowers of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, which belong to different species of Lonicera or Caprifoliaceae, are usually taken to clear away heat and toxic material and treat the exopathogenic wind-heat. They are two different herbs, and due to various reasons, there are far more controversies. This paper reviews the research on the chemical constituents and their differences between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. Both of them contain the similar chemical constituents, such as organic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoidal saponins, iridoids, volatile oils and trace elements. But there are also differences between them. The main differences：Lonicerae Japonicae Flos contains a wealth of iridoids and flavonoids, while Lonicerae Flos contains more kinds of triterpenoidal saponins; the content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Flos is significantly higher than that of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos; the content of rutin, luteoloside,luteolin-7-O-β-D-galactoside and lonicerin in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is much higher than that of Lonicerae Flos; the content of Fe and Ni in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is higher, while the content of Mn is higher in Lonicerae Flos. Finally, main problems and suggestions on chemical composition between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were also discussed.

Study on volatile components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in bud stage extended type / 中国中药杂志

Volatile components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in bud stage extended type Beihua 1 were determined by the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction, compared with traditional cultivar Damaohua. There are fifty-two volatile compounds were identified and the relative content of the volatiles was calculated by the area normalization method. Thirty-nine compounds were found in Beihua 1, whereas thirty-three components in Damaohua. Total twenty identical compounds existed in Beihua 1 and Damaohua. The contents of alcohols and hydrocarbons of Beihua 1 were higher significantly than that of Damaohua, while significantly lower than that of Damaohua in ketones content. Besides, twenty components were only detected in Beihua 1, such as methyl nicotinate, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester,acetophenone, nonanoic acid.

Analysis on pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation of effective ingredients of Qing'e wan / 中国中药杂志

To study the pharmacokinetics of three active ingredients in Qing'e wan, namely geniposidic acid, psoralen and isopsoralen, in rats, in order to investigate their correlation in the anti-osteoporotic effect. The rats were taken blood from their eye sockets at different time points after being orally administered with raw and salt-processed Qing'e wan. Geniposidic acid, psoralen and isopsoralen in rats plasma were determined by means of UHPLC-MS/MS to draw the concentration-time curve. The proliferation rate of osteoblasts was taken as the pharmacodynamic index, and determined by MTT method to draw effect-time curve. In comparison between the effect-time curve and the concentration-time curve, the blood concentrations of geniposidic acid and psoralen were close to the peak when the cell proliferation rate reached its peak, indicating a good correlation between them. The peak blood concentration of isopsoralen was slightly lagging behind the peak of efficacy. According to the correlation analysis after fitting the effect-time curve and the concentration-time curve, salt-processed Qing'e wan had a better correlation than the raw one. The above experimental results showed that the effect-time curve and the concentration-time curve of geniposidic acid and psoralen had a good correlation, and the correlation of salt-processed Qing'e wan was better than the raw one.

Comparisons on chemical constituents of crude and wine-processed Dipsacus asper by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中国中药杂志

To compare the quality control indexes and chemical constituents of crude and wine-processed Dipsacus asper. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and water soluble extract of different processed products were detected. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS approach was established to compare the contents of major constituents in crude and wine-processed D. asper. Moreover, the linearity, precision, stability, repeatability and recoveries of the approach were well studied. The results of water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and water-soluble extract of crude and wine-processed D. asper were all in line with the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. Meanwhile, 20 main chemical constituents were identified by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. After wine-processing, the contents of asperosaponin Ⅵ, acetylate analogues and caffeic acid were significantly increased, while the contents of other phenolic components such as dicaffeoylquinic acid were decreased significantly, which may be which may be the main reason for different clinical efficacy of crude and wine-processed D. asper.

Research status and prospect of primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials / 中国中药杂志

The primary processing is important links and closely related to the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and is not only cleaning of remove the non-officinal parts, drying for termination the physiological status of organisms, but also retaining the most active substances, decreasing the toxic components, and promoting the transformation among chemical ingredients through primary processing. So the traditional primary processing endows with characters, quality, specifications and properties of traditional Chinese medicine, and embodies some important science truth. The traditional primary processing method and technology systems are derived from the long-term practices and experiences, which are distinctive, colorful, diverse, and scientific, which are helpful to development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper systemically expounds the research status of the Chinese medicine processing method, summarizes the problems in the primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials research, and prospects its bright future.

Effects of placental growth factor on revascularization after acute myocardial infarction in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of placental growth factor (PlGF) on revascularization after acute myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in Wistar rats. Thirty AMI rats were divided into 3 groups with 10 in each group: PlGF, mouse VEGFR-1/Flt-1 antibody, or saline (control group) was injected in the infarcted border zone for each group, respectively. Two weeks later the hemodynamics parameters were measured with a left ventricular needle catheter and a biological signal analysis system; left ventricular remodeling was observed by HE staining; angiogenesis was examined by immunohistochemistry and cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stroke volume, systolic pressure and left ventricular developed pressure in PlGF group were all higher than those in control group (112±7 vs 65.63±8.50 μl, P<0.01; 131.61±9.26 vs 94.84±8.53 mm Hg, P<0.01 and 175.85±11.36 vs 105.50±15.83 mm Hg, P<0.01; respectively). PlGF animals had less ventricular dilation (left ventricular diameter 8.20±0.14 vs 9.25±0.32 mm, P<0.01) and increased left ventricular wall thickness (1.81±0.10 vs 1.35±0.10 mm, P<0.01) compared to controls. The geometry parameter of anti-VEGFR1 and control animals was almost the same. PlGF animals had increased angiogenesis compared to controls (29.44±5.75 vs 15.88±2.42 endothelial cells/high-powered field, P<0.01); the alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) showed that PlGF animal had a higher density of artery than others (25.14±1.83 vs 19.70±2.52 arteries/mm(2), P<0.01), and the density of artery in anti-VEFGR1 group was less than the controls. The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes in PlGF animals was significantly lower than that in controls (9.51%±2.75% vs 37.81%±8.74%, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Regional delivery of PlGF following acute myocardial infarction can improve cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling, enhance angiogenesis and reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate. PlGF may be a potential agent in adjuvant therapy for acute myocardial infarction.</p>

Research on chemical reactions during ginseng processing / 中国中药杂志

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.